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<BR>Date: Mon, 28 Jan 2002 23:15:09 +0100
<BR>To: agathiyar@yahoogroups.com
<BR>Subject: Earliest mention of Shiva 
<BR>Cc: CTamil@yahoogroups.com
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<BR>From: Jean-Luc Chevillard <JLC@...>
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<BR>>--- In agathiyar@y..., "naga_ganesan" <naga_ganesan@h...> wrote:
<BR>>
<BR>>Agreed that Shiva is present from late sangam texts,
<BR>>esp. kali-t-tokai onwards (full of north Indian elements).
<BR>
<BR>Dear NG,
<BR>I thought the earliest reference to Shiva was in puRam.
<BR>
<BR>See George Hart's translation of puRam 56,
<BR>(p. 42, in _The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom_,
<BR>Columbia University Press, 1999)
<BR>and the notes
<BR>where he explains that
<BR>"The god whose neck is the color of sapphire,
<BR>/on whose banner the bull
<BR>"Spells out victory, whose matted hair spreads like fire,
<BR>/whose ax is irresistible"
<BR>is ziva (on p. 260).
<BR>
<BR>ERRu valan2 uyariya eri maruL avir caTai,
<BR>mARRu aruG kaNicci, maNi miTaRROn2um
<BR>[puRam, 56, 1-2]
<BR>
<BR>(Three other gods are also described in this poem:
<BR>balarAma, viSNu & murukan2,
<BR>and the last one's name is even explicitely mentionned
<BR>as muruku on line 14)
<BR>
<BR>Regards
<BR>
<BR>-- jlc
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>>The earliest Lingam unearthed is at Gudimallam near
<BR>>Madras (now AP). His anthropomorphic representation
<BR>>on a phallus standing on a dwarf.
<BR>>There is an exact parallel in Sumerian art.
<BR>>The dwarf is called Humamba (have to check the name).
<BR>>
<BR>>I agree that Shiva is North, but is of North Dravidian extraction,
<BR>>Regards,
<BR>>N. Ganesan
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR> 
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